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''Sadko'' ((ロシア語:Садко), the name of the main character) is an opera in seven scenes by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. The libretto was written by the composer, with assistance from Vladimir Belsky, Vladimir Stasov, and others.〔Taruskin, R. Sadko. In: ''The New Grove Dictionary of Opera''. Macmillan, London and New York, 1997.〕 Rimsky-Korsakov was first inspired by the Bylina of Sadko in 1867, when he completed a tone poem on the subject, his Op. 5. After finishing his second revision of this work in 1891, he decided to turn it into a dramatic work.〔Abraham, Gerald. ''Rimsky Korsakov - A Short Biography.'' Duckworth, London, 1945, p87-88.〕 The music is highly evocative, and Rimsky-Korsakov's famed powers of orchestration are abundantly in evidence throughout the score. According to the Soviet critic Boris Asafyev, writing in 1922,〔Quoted in Morrison, p. 263〕 ''Sadko'' constitutes the summit of Rimsky-Korsakov's craft. From the opus 5 tone poem the composer quoted its most memorable passages, including the opening theme of the swelling sea,〔 and other themes as leitmotives〔Abraham, p96-97.〕 - he himself set out to "utlize for this opera the material of my symphonic poem, and, in any event, to make use of its motives as leading motives for the opera". 〔Rimsky-Korsakoff NA. My Musical Life. translated from the Russian byt J A Joffe. Martin Secker, London, 1924, p292.〕 ==Performance history== The composer was closely involved in the "assiduous" rehearsals, and he "drilled the orchestra with great care, together with (conductor ) Esposito who proved a very fair musician". Rimsky also corrected errors in the score and worked hard with the chorus. Apart from the Sea-King singer "whom I could not endure" he approved of all the solo singers and singled out Zabyela, who "sang magnificently" and Syekar-Rozhanski.〔Rimsky-Korsakoff NA. My Musical Life. translated from the Russian by J A Joffe. Martin Secker, London, 1924, p313-314.〕 The world premiere took place on 7 January 1898 (O.S. 26 December 1897), presented by the Russian Private Opera at the Solodovnikov Theatre in Moscow. Its conductor was Eugenio Esposito,〔Taruskin, para. 4.〕 the brother of Michele Esposito,〔Horner, para. 2.〕 with scenic designers Konstantin Korovin and Sergey Malyutin. The production was financed by the railway tycoon Savva Mamontov; this was the first time that one of Rimsky-Korsakov's operas was staged by a commercial theatre rather than the Imperial Theatres.〔Morrison, p. 262.〕 The St. Petersburg premiere followed 26 January 1901 at the Mariinsky Theatre, conducted by Eduard Nápravník, with scenic design by Apollinary Vasnetsov. In 1906, the opera was presented at the Bolshoy Theatre in Moscow conducted by Vyacheslav Suk, with scenic design by Konstantin Korovin. The first US performance occurred at the Metropolitan Opera in New York on 25 January 1930 in French with Tullio Serafin, followed a year later by the first performance in London in June 1931.〔Holden, p. 752.〕 A truncated production was mounted in Monte Carlo in 1921, conducted by Victor de Sabata, with Dimitri Smirnov in the title role. Revivals took place at the Bolshoy in 1935, 1949 and 1963. A production at the Berlin Staatsoper in 1947 featured Ludwig Suthaus, Erna Berger and Margarethe Klose.〔"Rimski-Korsakov: Sadko", in: Kaminski, Piotr: ''Mille et un opéras'' (Paris: Fayard, 2003), p.1280.〕 Aleksandr Ptushko directed a film of the opera in 1952 with the music but without singing.〔 A new production by Alexei Stepaniuk for the Mariinsky Theatre in 1993 was later toured to Paris (Théâtre des Champs-Élysées) and recorded.〔 While ''Sadko'' is rarely performed today, Operabase reports performances at the Mariinsky Theatre between January and March 2011.〔Operabase.com〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sadko (opera)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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